1. Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pakuwunikanso chitsimikizo cha zinthu zowotcherera
Welding Material Warranty Book ndiyofunikira kwambiri ngati chikalata cholembedwa komanso mbiri yotsimikizika yazinthu zowotcherera.Zida zowotcherera ziyenera kufufuzidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira musanagwiritse ntchito.Buku la chitsimikizo chowotcherera ndi lofanana ndi "zambiri zotumizira" zoperekedwa ndi wopanga zinthu zowotcherera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake ziyenera kukhala zolondola komanso zathunthu.
Pakali pano, pali ambiri opanga kuwotcherera zoweta consumable, ndi khalidwe la mankhwala awo amasiyana.Mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili muzolemba za chitsimikizo chazinthu ndizosiyana.Kwa mainjiniya owotcherera kapena mainjiniya apamwamba, ndikofunikiranso kuyang'ana zikalata zotsimikizira.
Nkhaniyi ikutenga chitsimikizo chokhazikika cha AWS monga chitsanzo kuti tifotokoze mwachidule mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kuzizindikira mukawunika chitsimikizo.
1) Nambala yokhazikika imagwirizana ndi mtundu wazinthu zowotcherera
Miyezo yonse ya American Standard welding consumable standards imagawidwa m'makina achifumu ndi metric, ndipo ma metric system amawonjezeredwa ndi "M" pambuyo pa nambala yokhazikika.
Mwachitsanzo, kumizidwa arc kuwotcherera waya AWS A 5.17 / AWS A 5.17M
Iyi ndi njira yolondola yolembera, nambala yokhazikika ndi yachifumu, ndipo chitsanzocho ndi chachifumu.
2) Mulingo wokhazikitsidwa wa bukhu la chitsimikizo uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna (kugula)
Ngati zowotcherera zowotcherera zaku America zikufunika, zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa sizolondola ndipo sizingafanane ndi mulingo waku America, chifukwa milingo kapena njira zoyesera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana.
3) Mafotokozedwe a mikhalidwe yoyenera komanso zoyeserera
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi mtengo wa bukhu lovomerezeka la American standard kwa waya wowotcherera wa arc, koma mulingo wokhazikitsidwa m'buku la chitsimikizo ndi AWS A 5.17.Kuchokera pa nambala yokhazikika, zitha kuwoneka kuti zikhalidwe zonse ziyenera kukhala mu Chingerezi.Komabe, mayendedwe okhazikika ndi zoyeserera m'buku lawaranti zili mumayendedwe a metric, omwe mwachiwonekere sali okhazikika.
Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa F7A2-EH14 kuyenera kukhala -20 ° F, komwe ndi -28.8 ° C mu Celsius, koma mtengo wake ndi -30 ° C.
Kutengera zifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndikofunikira kuti mainjiniya ayang'ane ngati pali "M" mu nambala yokhazikika powunikanso buku la chitsimikizo.Pokhapokha ndi ndondomeko ya bukhu lachidziwitso momwe waya wowotcherera angayikidwe mukupanga kwenikweni.
2. Mawonekedwe ovomerezeka ovomerezeka pamtundu uliwonse
(1) Njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka za GB
(1) Njira zovomerezeka za EN zovomerezeka
- EXC1 kalasi yamtundu D;
- EXC2 Nthawi zambiri, kalasi C yabwino,
- EXC3 khalidwe B gulu;
- EXC4 Quality class B+, kutanthauza zofunika zina pamaziko a kalasi B yabwino
(2) Mawonekedwe Ovomerezeka Ovomerezeka a AWS
Zofunikira pa mbiri ya weld
Muyezo woyendera zowoneka
Zovomerezeka Zovomerezeka za Mitundu Yopitilira ndi Kuwunika
static katundu
cyclic katundu
(1) Ming’alu ndi yoletsedwa
Ming'alu iliyonse, mosasamala kukula kwake kapena malo, sizovomerezeka.
X
X
(2) Weld / maziko zitsulo fusion
Payenera kukhala kusakanikirana kwathunthu pakati pa zigawo zoyandikana za weld ndi pakati pa chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira.
X
X
(3) Arc crater cross section
Ma arc craters onse ayenera kudzazidwa ndi kukula kwake komwe kwafotokozedwa, kupatula kumapeto kwa zowotcherera za intermittent fillet zomwe zimapitilira kutalika kwa intermittent fillet weld.
X
X
(4) Weld mbiri mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe a mbiri ya weld ayenera kugwirizana ndi "Pass and Fail Weld Profile Shape (AWSD1.1-2000)"
X
X
(5) Nthawi yoyendera
Kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa ma welds onse achitsulo kumatha kuyamba pomwe kuwotcherera komalizidwa kuzizira mpaka kutentha kwachipinda.Kuvomerezedwa kwa ASTM A514, A517 ndi A709 Makalasi 100 ndi 100W zowotcherera zitsulo ziyenera kutengera kuyang'ana kowonekera pasanathe maola 48 kutenthetsa kumalizidwa.
X
X
(6) Kusakwanira kwa weld kukula
Kukula kwa weld iliyonse yosalekeza yomwe ili yocheperako (L) ndipo ikugwirizana ndi izi (U) sizingalipidwe:
LU
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa weld mwadzina (mm) Kuchepetsa kovomerezeka pamaziko a L (mm)
≤ 5 ≤ 1.6
6 ≤ 2.5
≥ 8 ≤ 3
Nthawi zonse, gawo locheperako la weld ndiloletsedwa kupitilira 10% ya kutalika kwa weld.Msoko wowotcherera wolumikiza ukonde wa girder ndi flange sudzakhala wosakwanira kukula mkati mwa malekezero awiri a mtengowo ndi kutalika kofanana ndi kuwirikiza kawiri m'lifupi mwake.
X
X
(7) Kudumphadumpha
(A) Ma undercuts pazida zokhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 25mm ndizoletsedwa kupitilira 0.8mm, koma ma undercuts okhala ndi cumulative undercut ya 50mm komanso 1.5mm kutalika kwa 300mm amaloledwa.Kwa zipangizo ndi makulidwe ofanana kapena oposa 25mm, undercut wa kutalika kulikonse wa weld ndi zoletsedwa kupitirira 1.5mm.
X
(B) M'zigawo zazikulu, pansi pa katundu wamtundu uliwonse, pamene weld ali mu chiyanjano chodutsa ndi kupanikizika kwamphamvu, kuya kwapansi kumaletsedwa kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.25mm.Nthawi zina, kuzama kwapansi sikuloledwa kukhala wamkulu kuposa 0.8mm.
X
(8) Mtima
(A) Kulowa kwathunthu (CJP) groove welds wa mfundo za matako pomwe ma welds amadutsa kupsinjika kowerengeka, ndipo palibe ma pores owoneka amaloledwa.Pazowotcherera poyambira ndi minofu, kuchuluka kwa ma diameter a tubular porosity owoneka ofanana kapena kupitilira 0.8mm sikuyenera kupitilira 10mm mu weld iliyonse ya 25mm ndi 20mm mu weld iliyonse ya 300mm.
X
(B) Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma pores a tubular mu welds fillet ndikoletsedwa kupitilira 1 pa 100mm yautali wa weld, ndipo m'mimba mwake pazipita ndikoletsedwa kopitilira 2.5mm.Kupatulapo izi: Kwa ma welds a fillet omwe amalumikiza zolimba ku intaneti, kuchuluka kwa ma diameter a tubular porosity sayenera kupitirira 10mm mu weld iliyonse ya 25mm, ndipo zisapitirire 20mm mu weld iliyonse ya 300mm.
X
(C) Kulowa kwathunthu (CJP) groove ma welds a mfundo za matako mu ubale wopingasa ndi kuwerengetsera kupsinjika kwamphamvu, popanda ma pores a tubular.Kwa ma welds ena onse, kuchuluka kwa ma pores a tubular sikudutsa 1 pa 100mm yautali wa weld, ndipo m'mimba mwake pazipita zisapitirire 2.5mm.
X
Zindikirani: "X" amatanthauza mtundu woyenera wolumikizira, wopanda kanthu amatanthauza kuti siwoyenera.
3. Zifukwa ndi kusanthula wamba weld zolakwika ndi njira zodzitetezera
1. Stomata
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Elekitirodi ndi yoipa kapena yonyowa.
(2) Chowotchereracho chimakhala ndi chinyezi, mafuta kapena dzimbiri.
(3) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri.
(4) Madzi amadzimadzi ndi amphamvu kwambiri.
(5) Kutalika kwa arc sikoyenera.
(6) Kunenepa kwa chowotcherera ndi chachikulu, ndipo kuzirala kwachitsulo kumathamanga kwambiri.
(1) Sankhani ma elekitirodi oyenera ndikulabadira kuyanika.
(2) Tsukani chowotchereracho musanawotchere.
(3) Chepetsani liwiro la kuwotcherera kuti mpweya wamkati uthawe mosavuta.
(4) Gwiritsirani ntchito magetsi oyenerera amene wopanga amalangiza.
(5) Sinthani utali woyenerera wa arc.
(6) Chitani ntchito yoyenera yotenthetsera kutentha.
Kuwotcherera mpweya wa CO2 wotetezedwa
(1) Zinthu zapansi ndi zauve.
(2) Waya wowotchera wachita dzimbiri kapena madziwo anyowa.
(3) Kuwotcherera kwa malo olakwika ndi kusankha kosayenera kwa waya wowotcherera.
(4) Kutalika kowuma ndikotalika kwambiri, ndipo kutetezedwa kwa mpweya wa CO2 sikuli bwino.
(5) Liwiro la mphepo ndi lalikulu ndipo palibe chipangizo chotchingira mphepo.
(6) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri ndipo kuziziritsa kumathamanga.
(7) Kuphulika kwamoto kumamatira pamphuno, kumayambitsa chipwirikiti cha mpweya.
(8) Mpweyawu uli ndi zonyansa zambiri (makamaka chinyezi).
(1) Samalani ndi kuyeretsa mbali yowotcherera musanawotchere.
(2) Sankhani waya wowotcherera woyenerera ndikuumitsa.
(3) Mkanda wowotcherera pamalowo usakhale wodetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ukhale woyera, ndipo kukula kwa waya wowotcherera kuyenera kukhala koyenera.
(4) Chepetsani kutalika kowuma ndikusintha kayendedwe ka gasi koyenera.
(5) Ikani zida zowonera kutsogolo.
(6) Chepetsani liwiro kuti mpweya wamkati uthawe.
(7) Samalani kuchotsa kuwotcherera slag pa nozzle, ndi ntchito splash adhesion inhibitor kutalikitsa moyo wa nozzle.
(8) Kuyera kwa CO2 kumaposa 99.98%, ndipo chinyezi chimakhala chochepera 0.005%.
Kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi
(1) Pali zonyansa organic monga dzimbiri, okusayidi filimu, mafuta, etc. mu weld.
(2) Kutuluka kwanyowa.
(3) Kutulukako kwaipitsidwa.
(4) Liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilothamanga kwambiri.
(5) Kusakwanira kutalika kwa kusinthasintha.
(6) Kutalika kwa chiwombankhanga ndi chachikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti gasi sizovuta kuthawa (makamaka pamene kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuli bwino).
(7) Waya wowotchera wachita dzimbiri kapena wapaka mafuta.
(8) Polarity ndi yosayenera (makamaka pamene docking yaipitsidwa, imayambitsa pores).
(1) Chowotchereracho chiyenera kuphwanyidwa kapena kuwotchedwa ndi moto, ndiyeno kuchotsedwa ndi burashi yawaya.
(2) pafupifupi 300 ℃ kuyanika
(3) Samalani kusungidwa kwa flux ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa malo pafupi ndi gawo la kuwotcherera kuti mupewe kusakaniza kwa sundries.
(4) Chepetsani liwiro la kuwotcherera.
(5) Pakamwa pa chubu la mphira la flux liyenera kusinthidwa pamwamba.
(6) Chubu cha rabara chotuluka chimayenera kusinthidwa m'munsi, ndipo kutalika koyenera ndi 30-40mm ngati kuwotcherera basi.
(7) Kusintha kuyeretsa waya wowotcherera.
(8) Sinthani kugwirizana kwachindunji panopa (DC-) ku kugwirizana kwachindunji kwamakono (DC +).
zida zoipa
(1) Gome la decompression lakhazikika, ndipo mpweya sungathe kutuluka.
(2) Mphuno yatsekeredwa ndi spark spatter.
(3) Waya wowotchera uli ndi mafuta komanso dzimbiri.
(1) Ngati palibe chowotcha chamagetsi chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chowongolera gasi, chowotcha chamagetsi chiyenera kuikidwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mita kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi yomweyo.
(2) Tsukani madzi otsekemera pafupipafupi.Ndipo yokutidwa ndi splash adhesion inhibitor.
(3) Musakhudze mafuta pamene waya wowotcherera wasungidwa kapena kuikidwa.
Waya wodziteteza wodziteteza
(1) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyokwera kwambiri.
(2) Kutalika kwa waya wowotcherera ndi waufupi kwambiri.
(3) Pamwamba pa zitsulo pali dzimbiri, utoto ndi chinyezi.
(4) Kukoka kolowera kwa nyali yowotcherera ndikokwera kwambiri.
(5) Liwiro losuntha ndilothamanga kwambiri, makamaka pakuwotcherera kopingasa.
(1) Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito mogwirizana ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana kuwotcherera waya.
(3) Muziyeretsa musanawotchere.
(4) Chepetsani ngodya yokokera mpaka 0-20 °.
(5) Sinthani moyenera.
3. Undercut
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri.
(2) Ndodo yowotcherera si yoyenera.
(3) Kholalo ndi lalitali kwambiri.
(4) Njira yogwiritsira ntchito molakwika.
(5) Zinthu zapansi ndizodetsedwa.
(6) Chitsulo choyambira chimatenthedwa.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi otsika.
(2) Sankhani mtundu woyenera ndi kukula kwa ndodo yowotcherera.
(3) Sungani utali woyenerera wa arc.
(4) Gwiritsani ntchito ngodya yolondola, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, arc yayifupi komanso njira yocheperako yothamanga.
(5) Chotsani madontho amafuta kapena dzimbiri pazitsulo zoyambira.
(6) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi okhala ndi ma diameter ang'onoang'ono.
Kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa CO2
(1) Arc ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilothamanga kwambiri.
(2) Panthawi yowotcherera fillet, kuyanjanitsa kwa electrode ndikolakwika.
(3) The ofukula kuwotcherera akusintha kapena ntchito bwino, kotero kuti mbali ziwiri za weld mkanda ndi insufficiently wodzazidwa ndi undercut.
(1) Chepetsani kutalika kwa arc ndi liwiro.
(2) Pa yopingasa fillet kuwotcherera, udindo wa kuwotcherera waya ayenera kukhala 1-2mm kutali ndi mphambano.
(3) Konzani njira yopangira opaleshoni.
4. Slag kuphatikiza
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Kutsogolo wosanjikiza kuwotcherera slag sikumachotsedwa kwathunthu.
(2) Mphamvu yowotcherera ndiyotsika kwambiri.
(3) Liwiro lowotcherera ndilochedwa kwambiri.
(4) Kugwedezeka kwa electrode ndikotambasula kwambiri.
(5) Kusakaniza kwa weld ndi kapangidwe kake.
(1) Chotsani bwino kutsogolo wosanjikiza kuwotcherera slag.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi apamwamba.
(3) Wonjezerani liwiro la kuwotcherera.
(4) Chepetsani kugwedezeka kwa electrode.
(5) Konzani ngodya yoyenera ndi malo olowera.
Kuwotcherera mpweya wa CO2 arc
(1) Chitsulo choyambira chimapendekera (kutsika) kupititsa patsogolo kuwotcherera slag.
(2) Pambuyo kuwotcherera m'mbuyomu, kuwotcherera slag si koyera.
(3) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yaying’ono kwambiri, liwiro lake n’lochedwa, ndipo kuwotcherera ndi kwakukulu.
(4) Powotchera ndi njira yakutsogolo, chowotcherera chomwe chili m'malo mwake chimakhala patsogolo.
(1) Ikani chowotchereracho pamalo opingasa momwe mungathere.
(2) Samalani ndi ukhondo wa mkanda uliwonse wowotcherera.
(3) Wonjezerani liwiro lapano ndi kuwotcherera kuti slag yowotcherera iyandame mosavuta.
(4) Wonjezerani liwiro kuwotcherera
Kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi
(1) Njira yowotcherera imatsatiridwa ndi chitsulo choyambira, kotero slag imayenda patsogolo.
(2) Pakuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri, grooved pamwamba imasungunuka ndi waya wowotcherera, ndipo waya wowotcherera amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mbali ya poyambira.
(3) Kuphatikizika kwa slag kumatha kuchitika poyambira kuwotcherera komwe kuli mbale yowongolera.
(4) Ngati panopa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, pali kuwotcherera slag otsala pakati zigawo yachiwiri, ndipo ming'alu mosavuta kwaiye pamene kuwotcherera mbale woonda.
(5) The kuwotcherera liwiro ndi otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwotcherera slag patsogolo.
(6) Mphamvu ya arc ya gawo lomaliza lomaliza ndilokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti slag yaulere igwedezeke kumapeto kwa mkanda wowotcherera.
(1) Kuwotcherera kuyenera kutembenuzidwira mbali ina, kapena chitsulo choyambira chiyenera kusinthidwa kuti chikhale chopingasa momwe zingathere.
(2) Mtunda pakati pa mbali ya kagawo ndi waya wowotcherera uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa m'mimba mwake wa waya wowotcherera.
(3) Makulidwe a mbale yowongolera ndi mawonekedwe a kagawo ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi chitsulo choyambira.
(4) Wonjezerani kuwotcherera pano kuti chotsalira chotsaliracho chisungunuke mosavuta.
(5) Wonjezerani kuwotcherera panopa ndi liwiro kuwotcherera.
(6) Chepetsani voteji kapena kuwonjezera liwiro kuwotcherera.Ngati ndi kotheka, wosanjikiza chivundikirocho amasinthidwa kuchoka pa kuwotcherera limodzi kupita ku mipikisano yodutsa.
Waya wodziteteza wodziteteza
(1) Mphamvu ya arc ndiyotsika kwambiri.
(2) Arc ya waya wowotcherera ndi yosayenera.
(3) Waya wowotchera amatalika kwambiri.
(4) Pakalipano ndi wotsika kwambiri ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilochedwa kwambiri.
(5) Slag yoyamba yowotcherera sinachotsedwe mokwanira.
(6) Chiphaso choyamba sichinaphatikizidwe bwino.
(7) Khomo ndi lopapatiza kwambiri.
(8) Ma welds amatsetsereka pansi.
(1) Sinthani moyenera.
(2) Onjezani zoyeserera zina.
(3) Tsatirani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mawaya osiyanasiyana owotcherera.
(4) Sinthani magawo owotchera.
(5) Zomveka bwino
(6) Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi oyenera ndipo samalani ndi swing arc.
(7) Konzani ngodya yoyenera yolowera ndi chilolezo.
(8) Yalani fulati, kapena yendani mofulumira.
5. Kulowa kosakwanira
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa maelekitirodi.
(2) Pakali pano ndi yochepa kwambiri.
(3) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwa kutentha sikokwanira, ndipo kuthamanga kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, mphamvu ya arc imatsekedwa ndi slag yowotcherera, ndipo sichingaperekedwe kuzitsulo zoyambira.
(4) Mapangidwe a weld ndi kuphatikiza ndizolakwika.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito electrode yolowera kwambiri.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi oyenera.
(3) Gwiritsani ntchito liwiro lowotcherera loyenera m'malo mwake.
(4) Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa grooving, onjezerani kusiyana, ndikuchepetsa kuya kwa mizu.
Kuwotcherera mpweya wa CO2 wotetezedwa
(1) Arc ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilotsika kwambiri.
(2) Kholali ndi lalitali kwambiri.
(3) Kusayenda bwino kwa slotting.
(1) Kuwotcherera panopa ndi liwiro.
(2) Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa arc.
(3) Onjezani digirii yolowera.Wonjezerani kusiyana ndikuchepetsa kuya kwa mizu.
Waya wodziteteza wodziteteza
(1) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyotsika kwambiri.
(2) Liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilochedwa kwambiri.
(3) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyokwera kwambiri.
(4) Kugwedezeka kosayenera kwa arc.
(5) Ngongole yolakwika ya bevel.
(1) Wonjezerani magetsi.
(2) Wonjezerani liwiro la kuwotcherera.
(3) Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
(4) Yesetsani kuchita zambiri.
(5) Gwiritsani ntchito ngodya yokulirapo.
6. Mng'alu
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Chowotchereracho chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za alloy monga carbon ndi manganese.
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
Kuwotcherera arc pamanja
(1) Chowotchereracho chimakhala ndi zinthu zochulukirapo monga carbon ndi manganese.
(2) Ubwino wa electrode ndi wosauka kapena wonyowa.
(3) Kuletsa kupanikizika kwa weld ndikokulirapo.
(4) Zomwe zili ndi sulfure pazitsulo za basi ndizokwera kwambiri, zomwe sizoyenera kuwotcherera.
(5) Kusakonzekera mokwanira ntchito yomanga.
(6) Makulidwe a zitsulo zam'munsi ndi zazikulu ndipo kuzizira kumathamanga kwambiri.
(7) Madzi amadzimadzi ndi amphamvu kwambiri.
(8) Kudutsa koyamba kwa weld sikukwanira kukana kupsinjika kwa shrinkage.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito electrode yotsika ya haidrojeni.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi oyenera ndikusamalira kuyanika.
(3) Sinthani kapangidwe kake, tcherani khutu kumayendedwe akuwotcherera, ndikuwongolera kutentha mutatha kuwotcherera.
(4) Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zoipa.
(5) Kutentha kapena kutentha kwapambuyo kuyenera kuganiziridwa panthawi yowotcherera.
(6) Yatsani zitsulo zoyambira ndikuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono mutatha kuwotcherera.
(7) Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi oyenera.
(8) Chitsulo chowotcherera choyamba chiyenera kukana kupsinjika kwa shrinkage.
Kuwotcherera mpweya wa CO2 wotetezedwa
(1) Ngodya yolowera ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo ming'alu yoboola pakati pa peyala ndi weld imachitika panthawi yowotcherera.
(2) Mpweya wa kaboni wazitsulo zam'munsi ndi zosakaniza zina ndizokwera kwambiri (weld bead ndi zone yotentha yamthunzi).
(3) Pamene kuwotcherera multilayer, wosanjikiza woyamba wa weld mkanda ndi wochepa kwambiri.
(4) Kuwotcherera kosayenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yomanga kwambiri.
(5) Waya wowotcherera ndi wonyowa, ndipo haidrojeni imalowa mumkanda wowotcherera.
(6) Chovala cha manja sichimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusamvana komanso kupsinjika.
(7) Kuziziritsa kumakhala pang'onopang'ono (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zotayidwa, ndi zina zotero) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera kwa gawo loyamba.
(1) Samalani ndi kulumikizana kwa ngodya yoyenera yolowera ndi yapano, ndipo onjezerani ngodya yolowera ngati kuli kofunikira.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
(3) Chitsulo choyamba chowotcherera chiyenera kukhala chokwanira kugonjetsedwa ndi kupsinjika kwa shrinkage.
(4) Sinthani kapangidwe kake, tcherani khutu kumayendedwe akuwotcherera, ndikuwongolera kutentha mutatha kuwotcherera.
(5) Samalani ndi kusunga waya wowotcherera.
(6) Samalani kulondola kwa kuphatikiza kowotcherera.
(7) Samalani ndi liwiro lolondola lapano ndi kuwotcherera.
Kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi
(1) Waya wowotcherera ndi flux yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira chitsulo chowotcherera sizikugwirizana bwino (chitsulo choyambira chimakhala ndi mpweya wochuluka, ndipo chitsulo cha waya chimakhala ndi manganese ochepa).
(2) Mkanda wa weld umazirala mwachangu kuti uumitse malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
(3) Kuchuluka kwa carbon ndi sulfure mu waya wowotcherera ndi waukulu kwambiri.
(4) Mphamvu ya mikanda yopangidwa mu gawo loyamba la kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri sikukwanira kukana kupsinjika kwa shrinkage.
(5) Kulowa mopitirira muyeso kapena tsankho panthawi yowotcherera fillet.
(6) Njira yopangira kuwotcherera ndiyolakwika, ndipo mphamvu yomangirira yachitsulo choyambira ndi yayikulu.
(7) Maonekedwe a weld bead ndi wosayenera, ndipo chiŵerengero cha m'lifupi mwa mkanda wowotcherera ndi kuya kwa mkanda wowotcherera ndi waukulu kwambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito waya wowotcherera wokhala ndi manganese ambiri.Pamene chitsulo choyambira chili ndi carbon yambiri, njira zowotchera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
(2) The kuwotcherera panopa ndi voteji ayenera kuonjezedwa, liwiro kuwotcherera ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo m'munsi zitsulo ayenera kutenthedwa.
(3) Bwezerani waya wowotchera.
(4) Chitsulo chowotcherera cha gawo loyamba la weld bead chiyenera kukana kwathunthu kupsinjika kwa shrinkage.
(5) Kuchepetsa kuwotcherera panopa ndi kuwotcherera liwiro ndi kusintha polarity.
(6) Samalirani njira zomangira zoperekedwa ndi kupereka malangizo a ntchito zowotcherera.
(7) Chiŵerengero cha weld bead m'lifupi mpaka kuya ndi pafupifupi 1:1:25, panopa amachepetsa ndipo voteji ukuwonjezeka.
7. Kusintha
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
kuwotcherera pamanja
Kuwotcherera mpweya wa CO2 wotetezedwa
Wowotcherera pawaya wodziteteza wodziteteza
Kuwotcherera kwa arc mokhazikika pansi pamadzi
(1) Zowotcherera zochulukira.
(2) Njira zowotcherera zosayenera.
(3) Kusakonzekera mokwanira ntchito yomanga.
(4) Kuzizira kwambiri kwazitsulo zoyambira.
(5) Chitsulo choyambira chimatenthedwa.(tsamba)
(6) Kupanga weld kolakwika.
(7) Chitsulo chambiri chimawotchedwa.
(8) Njira yoletsa si yolondola.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi okhala ndi ma diameter akulu komanso mafunde apamwamba.
(2) Konzani ndondomeko yowotchera
(3) Musanawotchere, gwiritsani ntchito cholumikizira kuti mukonze zowotcherera kuti musagwedezeke.
(4) Pewani kuzizira kwambiri kapena kutentha kwazitsulo zoyambira.
(5) Gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera zowotcherera ndikulowa pang'ono.
(6) Chepetsani kusiyana kwa weld ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mipata.
(7) Samalani kukula kwake ndipo musapangitse mkanda wowotcherera kukhala waukulu kwambiri.
(8) Samalirani njira zokonzera kuti mupewe kuwonongeka.
8. Zina kuwotcherera zolakwika
Njira yowotcherera
chifukwa
Njira zodzitetezera
kudutsana
(1) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyotsika kwambiri.
(2) Liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilochedwa kwambiri.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenera.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito liŵiro loyenera.
Kusawoneka bwino kwa mikanda yowotcherera
(1) Ndodo yowotcherera yolakwika.
(2) Njira yogwiritsira ntchito si yoyenera.
(3) Mphamvu yowotcherera ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo m'mimba mwake wa electrode ndi wandiweyani.
(4) Kuwotchera kumatenthedwa.
(5) Mu weld bead, njira yowotcherera si yabwino.
(6) Nsonga yolumikizana yavala.
(7) Kutalikirana kwa waya wowotcherera kumakhalabe kosasintha.
(1) Sankhani electrode youma ya kukula koyenera komanso yabwino.
(2) Atengereni yunifolomu ndi liwiro loyenera ndi ndondomeko yowotcherera.
(3) Sankhani kuwotcherera koyenera ndi m'mimba mwake.
(4) Chepetsani mphamvu yapano.
(5) Yesetsani kuchita zambiri.
(6) Bwezerani nsonga yolumikizana.
(7) Khalani ndi utali wokhazikika ndikukhala waluso.
denti
(1) Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndodo zowotcherera.
(2) Elekitilodi yanyowa.
(3) Kuzizira kwambiri kwachitsulo choyambira.
(4) Maelekitirodi odetsedwa ndi kulekanitsa ma welds.
(5) Zida za carbon ndi manganese mu weldment ndizokwera kwambiri.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito electrode yoyenera, ngati sizingatheke, gwiritsani ntchito electrode yochepa ya haidrojeni.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi ouma.
(3) Chepetsani liwiro la kuwotcherera ndikupewa kuzizira kofulumira.Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito preheating kapena postheating.
(4) Gwiritsani ntchito electrode yamtundu wa haidrojeni yabwino.
(5) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi okhala ndi mchere wambiri.
arc pang'ono
(1) Pa kuwotcherera kwa DC, mphamvu yamaginito yopangidwa ndi kuwotcherera imakhala yosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc asokonezeke.
(2) Malo a waya wapansi si abwino.
(3) Kokoka kwa nyali yowotcherera ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
(4) Kutalika kwa waya wowotcherera ndi waufupi kwambiri.
(5) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo arc ndiyotalika kwambiri.
(6) Madziwo ndi aakulu kwambiri.
(7) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri.
(1) Ikani waya pansi mbali imodzi ya arc, kapena kuwotcherera mbali ina, kapena gwiritsani ntchito arc yaifupi, kapena kukonza mphamvu ya maginito kuti ikhale yofanana, kapena kusinthana ndi kuwotcherera kwa AC.
(2) Sinthani malo a waya wapansi.
(3) Chepetsani ngodya yokokera tochi.
(4) Wonjezerani kutalika kwa waya wowotcherera.
(5) Chepetsani magetsi ndi arc.
(6) Sinthani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenera.
(7) Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumakhala pang'onopang'ono.
kuwotcha
(1) Pakawotcherera zitsulo, magetsi amakhala aakulu kwambiri.
(2) Kusiyana pakati pa ma welds ndiakulu kwambiri chifukwa chosayenda bwino.
(1) Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
(2) Chepetsani mpata wowotcherera.
Mkanda weld wosiyana
(1) Nsonga yolumikizana yavala, ndipo mawaya amatuluka amasinthasintha.
(2) Ntchito yowotcherera yowotcherera siichita bwino.
(1) Bwezerani nsonga yolumikizirana yowotcherera ndi yatsopano.
(2) Chitani zambiri zoyeserera.
Kuwotchera misozi
(1) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yayikulu kwambiri ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera ndilochedwa kwambiri.
(2) Arc ndi yaifupi kwambiri ndipo mkanda wowotcherera ndiwokwera.
(3) Waya wowotcherera sagwirizana bwino.(pamene kuwotcherera fillet)
(1) Sankhani olondola panopa ndi kuwotcherera liwiro.
(2) Wonjezerani kutalika kwa arc.
(3) Waya wowotcherera sayenera kukhala kutali kwambiri ndi mphambano.
Zopsereza zambiri
(1) Ndodo yowotcherera yolakwika.
(2) Kholali ndi lalitali kwambiri.
(3) Mphamvu yaposachedwa kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri.
(4) Mphamvu ya arc ndiyokwera kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri.
(5) Waya wowotchera amatuluka motalika kwambiri.
(6) Tochi yowotcherera ndiyokwera kwambiri ndipo ngodya yokokera ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
(7) Waya wowotcherera ndi wochuluka kwambiri.
(8) Makina owotcherera alibe vuto.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi owuma komanso oyenera.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito kansalu kakang’ono.
(3) Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yoyenera.
(4) Sinthani moyenera.
(5) Tsatirani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mawaya osiyanasiyana owotcherera.
(6) Isungeni molunjika momwe mungathere ndipo pewani kupendekeka kwambiri.
(7) Samalani ndi momwe malo osungiramo zinthu amasungira.
(8) Konzani, tcherani khutu pakukonza mkati mwa sabata.
Weld bead zigzag
(1) Waya wowotchera amatalika kwambiri.
(2) Waya wowotcherera wapota.
(3) Kusayenda bwino kwa mzere wowongoka.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito utali woyenerera, mwachitsanzo, waya wolimba amafikira 20-25mm pamene magetsi ali aakulu.Utali wotuluka ndi pafupifupi 40-50mm panthawi yowotcherera yodziteteza.
(2) Bwezerani waya ndi watsopano kapena konzani zopindika.
(3) Pogwira ntchito mowongoka, nyali yowotcherera iyenera kukhala yowongoka.
Arc ndi yosakhazikika
(1) Nsonga yolumikizana kumapeto kwa nyali yowotcherera ndiyokulirapo kuposa mainchesi apakati a waya wowotcherera.
(2) Nsonga yolumikizana nayo yavala.
(3) Waya wowotcherera ndi wopindidwa.
(4) Kuzungulira kwa waya wonyamulira sikosalala.
(5) Mphepo ya gudumu lotengera mawaya yatha.
(6) Gudumu lopondereza silimangika bwino.
(7) Kukaniza kwa mgwirizano wa ngalande ndikokulirapo.
(1) Makulidwe apakati a waya wowotcherera ayenera kufananizidwa ndi nsonga yolumikizirana.
(2) Bwezerani nsonga yolumikizirana.
(3) Wongolani waya.
(4) Thirani mafuta pa shaft ya conveyor kuti mafuta azizungulira.
(5) Bwezerani gudumu lonyamula katundu.
(6) Kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala koyenera, waya wotayirira kwambiri ndi woipa, waya wothina kwambiri amawonongeka.
(7) Kupindika kwa catheter ndikokulirapo, sinthani ndikuchepetsa kupindika.
Arc imachitika pakati pa nozzle ndi chitsulo choyambira
(1) Dera lalifupi pakati pa nozzle, conduit kapena nsonga yolumikizirana.
(1) Ndodo za spark spatter ndi nozzle ndizochuluka kwambiri kuti zichotsedwe, kapena gwiritsani ntchito chubu cha ceramic chokhala ndi chitetezo choteteza muuni wowotcherera.
Kuwotcherera tochi nozzle kutenthedwa
(1) Madzi ozizira sangathe kutuluka mokwanira.
(2) Madziwo ndi aakulu kwambiri.
(1) Paipi yamadzi ozizira yatsekedwa.Ngati chitoliro cha madzi ozizira chatsekedwa, chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuti madzi ayambe kuyenda bwino.
(2) Nyali yowotchera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wovomerezeka wapano komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Waya amamatira kunsonga yolumikizana
(1) Mtunda pakati pa nsonga yolumikizana ndi chitsulo choyambira ndi waufupi kwambiri.
(2) Kukana kwa catheter ndikokulirapo ndipo mawaya amadyetsedwa bwino.
(3) Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo magetsi ndi aakulu kwambiri.
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito mtunda woyenerera kapena njira yotalikirapo pang’ono kuti muyambitse nsongayo, ndiyeno sinthani mtunda woyenerera.
(2) Chotsani mkati mwa catheter kuti muthe kutumiza bwino.
(3) Sinthani mayendedwe oyenera apano ndi magetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2022