Zofunikira pa Welded Backing Plates by Standard
Pakati pa mitundu yolumikizirana yolumikizirana yazitsulo, mawonekedwe olumikizana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zotsatsira amakhala ambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zotsatsira kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta zowotcherera m'malo olimba komanso otsekeka ndikuchepetsa zovuta zowotcherera.Zipangizo zochiritsira zokhazikika zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zitsulo zothandizira ndi ceramic.Zachidziwikire, nthawi zina, zinthu monga flux zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuthandizira.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa pogwiritsira ntchito gaskets zitsulo ndi gaskets ceramic.
National Standard—–GB 50661
Ndime 7.8.1 ya GB50661 imati mphamvu zokolola za mbale yochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito siziyenera kukhala zazikulu kuposa mphamvu zodziwika bwino zachitsulo kuti ziwotchedwe, ndipo weldability ayenera kukhala ofanana.
Komabe, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ndime 6.2.8 ikunena kuti matabwa ochirikiza a zipangizo zosiyana sangalowe m'malo mwa wina ndi mzake.(Zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo za ceramic sizilowa m'malo mwa wina ndi mzake).
Muyezo waku Europe—–EN1090-2
Ndime 7.5.9.2 ya EN1090-2 imati mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chothandizira, chofanana ndi mpweya chiyenera kukhala chocheperapo 0.43%, kapena chinthu chokhala ndi weldability wapamwamba kwambiri monga chitsulo choyambira kuti chiwotchedwe.
American Standard - AWS D 1.1
Chitsulo ntchito mbale akuchirikiza ayenera kukhala aliyense wa zitsulo mu Table 3.1 kapena Table 4.9, ngati si mndandanda, kupatula kuti zitsulo ndi osachepera zokolola mphamvu 690Mpa ntchito ngati mbale akuchirikiza amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera. zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zokolola za 690Mpa, ziyenera kukhala zitsulo zomwe zayesedwa.Akatswiri akuyenera kuzindikira kuti gulu lothandizira lomwe lagulidwa ku China ndi Q235B.Ngati zinthu zoyambira panthawi yowunika ndi Q345B, ndipo bolodi lothandizira nthawi zambiri limasinthidwa ndi mizu yoyera, zinthu za gulu lothandizira ndi Q235B pokonzekera WPS.Pankhaniyi, Q235B sinayesedwe, kotero kuti WPS iyi sikutsatira malamulo.
Kutanthauzira kwa kuphimba kwa mayeso a EN standard welder
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa mapulojekiti achitsulo omwe amapangidwa ndikuwotcherera malinga ndi muyezo wa EN akuchulukirachulukira, kotero kuti kufunikira kwa ma welders a muyezo wa EN kukuchulukirachulukira.Komabe, ambiri opanga zitsulo zazitsulo sakhala omveka bwino za kuphimba kwa mayeso a EN welder, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ayesedwe.Pali mayeso ambiri omwe adaphonya.Izi zidzakhudza kupita patsogolo kwa ntchitoyo, ndipo pamene kuwotcherera kumayenera kuzindikirika kuti wowotchererayo sali woyenera kuwotcherera.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule za mayeso a welder, ndikuyembekeza kubweretsa chithandizo ku ntchito ya aliyense.
1. Welder Exam Execution Standards
TS EN 9606-1 kuwotcherera pamanja ndi semi-automatic: TS EN 9606-1
Kwa EN9606 mndandanda wagawidwa m'magawo asanu.1 -zitsulo 2 - aluminium 3 - mkuwa 4 - nickel 5 - zirconium
b) kuwotcherera makina: EN 14732
Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yowotcherera kumatanthawuza ISO 857-1
2. Kufotokoza zakuthupi
Pakuphimba zitsulo zoyambira, palibe malamulo omveka bwino pamiyezo, koma pali malamulo okhudzana ndi zotengera zowotcherera.
Kupyolera mu matebulo awiri omwe ali pamwambawa, gulu lazowotcherera ndi kuphimba pakati pa gulu lirilonse likhoza kumveka bwino.
Kuwotcherera kwa Electrode (111) Kuphimba
Kuphimba kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya waya
3. Base zitsulo makulidwe ndi chitoliro m'mimba mwake Kuphunzira
Kufunika kwa Docking specimen
Fillet Weld Coverage
Chitsulo Chitoliro Diameter Kuphimba
4. Kuwotcherera udindo Kuphunzira
Kufunika kwa Docking specimen
Fillet Weld Coverage
5. Kufalikira kwa Fomu ya Node
The welded kumbuyo mbale ndi muzu-kuyeretsa weld akhoza kuphimba wina ndi mzake, kotero kuti kuchepetsa vuto la mayeso, olowa mayeso welded ndi mbale kumbuyo amasankhidwa zambiri.
6. Weld wosanjikiza Kuphunzira
Mipikisano wosanjikiza welds akhoza m'malo single-wosanjikiza welds, koma osati mosemphanitsa.
7. Zolemba Zina
a) Ma welds a matako ndi fillet welds sasintha.
b) Kuphatikizika kwa matako kumatha kuphimba ma welds a chitoliro chanthambi ndi mbali yophatikizika yokulirapo kuposa kapena yofanana ndi 60 °, ndipo kuphimba kumangokhala paipi yanthambi.
Kuzungulira kwakunja kudzapambana, koma makulidwe a khomawo amatanthauzidwa molingana ndi makulidwe a khoma.
c) Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mainchesi akulu kuposa 25mm amatha kuphimbidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo.
d) Mbale akhoza kuphimba mipope zitsulo ndi m'mimba mwake kuposa 500mm.
e) mbale akhoza yokutidwa ndi mipope zitsulo ndi m'mimba mwake wamkulu kuposa 75mm mu chikhalidwe mozungulira, koma malo kuwotcherera
Kumalo a PA, PB, PC, PD.
8. Kuyendera
Pakuwoneka ndi kuyang'ana kwakukulu, imayesedwa molingana ndi EN5817 B mlingo, koma code ndi 501, 502, 503, 504, 5214, malinga ndi C level.
chithunzi
EN Standard Intersecting Line Zofunikira Zowotcherera
M'mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya mapaipi achitsulo kapena zitsulo zazikulu, zofunikira zowotcherera za mizere yodutsana ndizokwera kwambiri.Chifukwa ngati mapangidwewo amafunikira kulowa kwathunthu, sikophweka kuwonjezera mbale ya liner mkati mwa chitoliro chowongoka, ndipo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuzungulira kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, mzere wodulidwa wodumphadumpha sungakhale woyenerera, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonzanso kwamanja mu londola.Kuonjezera apo, mbali ya pakati pa chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro cha nthambi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo dera la mizu silingalowemo.
Pazochitika zitatu zomwe tatchulazi, njira zotsatirazi ndizovomerezeka:
1) Palibe mbale yothandizira yowotcherera mzere wolowera, womwe ndi wofanana ndi kulowa kwathunthu kwa weld kumbali imodzi.Ndi bwino kuwotcherera pa 1 koloko malo ndi ntchito olimba pachimake gasi chishango njira kuwotcherera.Kusiyana kwa kuwotcherera ndi 2-4mm, zomwe sizingatsimikizire kulowa, komanso kupewa kuwotcherera.
2) Mzere wodutsana ndi wosayenerera pambuyo podula.Vutoli likhoza kusinthidwa pamanja pambuyo podula makina.Ngati ndi kotheka, pepala chitsanzo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupenta intersecting mzere kudula mzere kunja kwa nthambi chitoliro, ndiyeno mwachindunji kudula ndi dzanja.
3) Vuto kuti ngodya pakati pa chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro cha nthambi ndi chaching'ono kwambiri kuti chiwotchedwe chikufotokozedwa mu Zowonjezera E za EN1090-2.Kwa ma welds olowera pamzere, amagawidwa m'magawo atatu: chala, malo osinthira, mizu.Chala chala chala ndi kusintha zone ndi zodetsedwa pankhani kuwotcherera osauka, muzu yekha ndi chikhalidwe ichi.Pamene mtunda pakati pa chitoliro chachikulu ndi chitoliro cha nthambi ndi chocheperapo 60 °, chowotcherera muzu ukhoza kukhala fillet weld.
Komabe, chigawo cha A, B, C, ndi D pachithunzichi sichinasonyezedwe momveka bwino.Ndikofunikira kufotokoza molingana ndi chithunzi chotsatirachi:
Common kudula njira ndi ndondomeko kuyerekeza
Njira zodulira zodziwika makamaka zimaphatikizapo kudula kwa lawi, kudula kwa plasma, kudula kwa laser ndi kudula kwamadzi othamanga kwambiri, etc. Njira iliyonse ya ndondomeko ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake.Mukakonza zinthu, njira yoyenera yodulira iyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zilili.
1. Kudula kwamoto: Pambuyo potenthetsa gawo lodula la workpiece ku kutentha kwa moto ndi mphamvu ya kutentha kwa gasi lamoto, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kumapopera kuti awotche ndikutulutsa kutentha kwa kudula.
a) Ubwino: Makulidwe odulira ndi akulu, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ali ndi zabwino zoonekeratu pambuyo poti makulidwe ake apitilira 50mm.Kutsetsereka kwa gawoli ndi kochepa (< 1 °), ndipo mtengo wokonza ndi wotsika.
b) Kuipa: mphamvu zochepa (liwiro 80 ~ 1000mm/mphindi mkati mwa makulidwe a 100mm), amangogwiritsidwa ntchito podula chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, sangathe kudula zitsulo za carbon, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero, kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumakhudzidwa, kusinthika kwakukulu mbale, ntchito yovuta yaikulu.
2. Kudula kwa Plasma: njira yodulira pogwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa mpweya kuti apange mphamvu yotentha ya plasma arc.Pamene arc ndi zinthu zimawotcha, kutentha kumapangidwa kuti zinthuzo ziziwotchedwa mosalekeza kudzera mu mpweya wodula ndikutulutsidwa ndi mpweya wodula kuti apange kudula.
a) Ubwino: The kudula dzuwa mkati 6 ~ 20mm ndi apamwamba (liwiro ndi 1400 ~ 4000mm/mphindi), ndipo akhoza kudula mpweya zitsulo, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zotayidwa, etc.
b) Zoipa: chodulidwacho ndi chachikulu, malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi aakulu (pafupifupi 0.25mm), kusinthika kwa workpiece kumaonekera, kudula kumasonyeza kupotoza kwakukulu ndi kutembenuka, ndipo kuipitsidwa ndi kwakukulu.
3. Laser kudula: njira njira imene mkulu-mphamvu kachulukidwe laser mtengo ntchito kutentha m'deralo kuti asungunuke ndi kutentha mbali ya zinthu kukwaniritsa kudula.
a) Ubwino: yopapatiza kudula m'lifupi, mkulu mwatsatanetsatane (mpaka 0.01mm), bwino kudula pamwamba roughness, mofulumira kudula liwiro (oyenera woonda pepala kudula), ndi kutentha pang'ono anakhudzidwa zone.
b) Kuipa: mtengo wapamwamba wa zida, zoyenera kudula mbale zopyapyala, koma kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kudula mbale kumachepetsedwa.
4. Kudula kwamadzi othamanga kwambiri: njira yopangira njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa madzi othamanga kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse kudula.
a) Ubwino: kulondola kwambiri, kumatha kudula zinthu zilizonse, osakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, osasuta.
b) Zoipa: kukwera mtengo, kutsika kwachangu (liwiro 150 ~ 300mm / min mkati mwa makulidwe a 100mm), oyenera kudula ndege, osayenerera kudula katatu.
Kodi dzenje loyenera la bolt la makolo ndi chiyani ndipo makulidwe oyenera a gasket ndi kukula kwake kofunikira ndi kotani?
Table 14-2 mu kope la 13 la AISC Steel Building Handbook ikukamba za kukula kwakukulu kwa bowo lililonse muzinthu za makolo.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kukula kwa dzenje komwe kumatchulidwa mu Table 14-2 kumalola kuti ma bolts asokonezeke panthawi yoyikapo, ndipo kusintha kwazitsulo zoyambira kuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri kapena mzerewu uyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino pakatikati.Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kudula kwa lawi nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti muzitha kuthana ndi kukula kwa dzenje.Washer woyenerera amafunikira pa bawuti iliyonse.Popeza makulidwe a mabowowa amatchulidwa ngati kuchuluka kwake kwa makulidwe ake, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakugawa bwino ma bolts.
AISC Design Guide 10, Low Rise Steel Frame Support Column Installation gawo, kutengera zomwe zachitika m'mbuyomu, imayika mfundo zotsatirazi za makulidwe ndi kukula kwa gasket: makulidwe ochepera a gasket ayenera kukhala 1/3 mainchesi a bawuti, ndi m'mimba mwake wa gasket wocheperako (kapena wosazungulira m'litali ndi m'lifupi) wochapira ayenera kukhala 25.4mm (1 in.) chokulirapo kuposa m'mimba mwake.Pamene bawuti itumiza kukangana, washer kukula ayenera kukhala lalikulu mokwanira kufalitsa kukanika ku maziko zitsulo.Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa gasket koyenera kungathe kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mbale yachitsulo.
Kodi bawutiyo itha kuwotcherera molunjika kuchitsulo choyambira?
Ngati bawuti ndi weldable, akhoza welded ku zitsulo m'munsi.Cholinga chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito nangula ndikupereka mfundo yokhazikika kwa gawoli kuti litsimikizire kukhazikika kwake panthawi ya kukhazikitsa.Kuphatikiza apo, ma bolts amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zodzaza ndi statically kukana mphamvu zothandizira.Kuwotcherera bawuti kuchitsulo sikukwaniritsa chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, koma kumathandizira kukana kutulutsa.
Chifukwa kukula kwa dzenje lachitsulo m'munsi ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndodo ya nangula simayikidwa kawirikawiri pakati pa dzenje lachitsulo.Pankhaniyi, gasket wandiweyani mbale (monga momwe chithunzi) chofunika.Kuwotchera bawuti ku gasket kumaphatikizapo kuoneka kwa fillet, monga kutalika kwa chowotcherera chofanana ndi kuzungulira kwa bawuti [π(3.14) kuwirikiza m'mimba mwake mwa bawuti], momwemo kutulutsa mphamvu pang'ono.Koma amaloledwa kuwotcherera mbali ya ulusi wa bawuti.Ngati chithandizo chowonjezereka chikuchitika, tsatanetsatane wa maziko a chigawocho akhoza kusinthidwa, poganizira "mbale yotsekemera" yomwe ili pa chithunzi pansipa.
Kodi dzenje loyenera la bolt la makolo ndi chiyani ndipo makulidwe oyenera a gasket ndi kukula kwake kofunikira ndi kotani?
Kufunika kwa tack kuwotcherera khalidwe
Popanga zida zachitsulo, njira yowotcherera, monga gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yonseyo ndi yabwino, yalandira chidwi chachikulu.Komabe, kuwotcherera tack, monga ulalo woyamba wa kuwotcherera, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndi makampani ambiri.Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:
1) Kuyika kuwotcherera kumachitika makamaka ndi ophatikiza.Chifukwa cha maphunziro a luso ndi kugawa ndondomeko, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti si njira yowotcherera.
2) Msoko wowotcherera wa tack umabisika pansi pa msoko womaliza wowotcherera, ndipo zolakwika zambiri zimaphimbidwa, zomwe sizingapezeke pakuwunika komaliza kwa msoko wowotcherera, womwe ulibe zotsatira zomaliza zoyendera.
▲ pafupi kwambiri kumapeto (zolakwika)
Kodi ma welds ndi ofunika?Kodi zimakhudza bwanji ma weld?Popanga, choyamba, m'pofunika kufotokozera udindo wa ma welds: 1) Kukonza pakati pa zigawo za mbale 2) Ikhoza kunyamula kulemera kwa zigawo zake panthawi yoyendetsa.
Miyezo yosiyanasiyana imafuna kuwotcherera kwa tack:
Kuphatikiza zofunikira za muyezo uliwonse wa kuwotcherera kwa tack, titha kuwona kuti zida zowotcherera ndi zowotcherera zowotcherera ndizofanana ndi zowotcherera zovomerezeka, zomwe ndizokwanira kuwona kufunikira.
▲Osachepera 20mm kuchokera kumapeto (zolondola)
Kutalika ndi kukula kwa kuwotcherera tack kungadziwike molingana ndi makulidwe a gawolo ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo, pokhapokha ngati pali zoletsa zokhazikika, koma kutalika ndi makulidwe a kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala kocheperako.Ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri, idzawonjezera zovuta za welder ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira kuti zili bwino.Kwa ma welds a fillet, kukula kwakukulu kwa weld kumakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe a weld yomaliza, ndipo ndikosavuta kuwoneka ngati wavy.Ngati ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndikosavuta kupangitsa kuti weld wa tack aphwanyike panthawi yosinthira kapena mbali yakumbuyo ya weld yowotcherera.Pankhaniyi, wowotcherera tack ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
▲ Tack kuwotcherera mng'alu (zolakwika)
Pakuwotcherera komaliza komwe kumafunikira UT kapena RT, zolakwika za kuwotcherera kwa tack zitha kupezeka, koma zowotcherera fillet kapena zowotcherera pang'ono, zowotcherera zomwe sizifunikira kuwunika zolakwika zamkati, zolakwika za kuwotcherera kwa tack ndi "" Bomba lanthawi. ”, zomwe zitha kuphulika nthawi iliyonse, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto monga kung'amba kwa ma welds.
Kodi cholinga cha post weld heat treatment ndi chiyani?
Pali zolinga zitatu za chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld: kuchotsa haidrojeni, kuthetsa kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera, kukonza kamangidwe ka weld ndi ntchito yonse.Chithandizo cha post-weld dehydrogenation chimatanthawuza kutentha kwa kutentha kochepa komwe kumachitidwa pambuyo poti kuwotcherera kumalizidwa ndipo kuwotchererako sikunazilidwe pansi pa 100 ° C.Zomwe zimapangidwira ndikutentha mpaka 200 ~ 350 ℃ ndikuzisunga kwa maola 2-6.Ntchito yaikulu ya post-weld hydrogen kuchotsa chithandizo ndi kufulumizitsa kuthawa kwa haidrojeni mu weld ndi kutentha anakhudzidwa zone, amene amathandiza kwambiri kupewa kuwotcherera ming'alu pa kuwotcherera zitsulo otsika aloyi.
Pa kuwotcherera ndondomeko, chifukwa sanali yunifolomu Kutentha ndi kuzirala, ndi choletsa kapena choletsa kunja kwa chigawo palokha, kuwotcherera kupsyinjika nthawi zonse kwaiye mu chigawo pambuyo kuwotcherera ntchito anamaliza.Kukhalapo kwa kuwotcherera kupsinjika mu chigawocho kudzachepetsa mphamvu yeniyeni yonyamulira ya malo olowa olowa, kumayambitsa kupunduka kwa pulasitiki, komanso kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa chigawocho muzovuta kwambiri.
Chithandizo cha kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zokolola za chogwirira ntchito chowotcherera pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chopumula kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera.Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: imodzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, ndiko kuti, kuwotcherera konse kumayikidwa mu ng'anjo yotentha, kutenthedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha kwina, kenako kusungidwa kwa nthawi, ndipo pamapeto pake kuziziritsidwa mumlengalenga kapena m'ng'anjo.Mwanjira iyi, 80% -90% ya kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera kumatha kuthetsedwa.Njira ina ndi m`deralo mkulu kutentha tempering, ndiko, kokha Kutentha kuwotcherera ndi malo ozungulira, ndiyeno pang`onopang`ono kuzirala, kuchepetsa pachimake mtengo wa kuwotcherera nkhawa, kupanga kugawa maganizo ndi lathyathyathya, ndi pang`ono kuthetsa kuwotcherera nkhawa.
Zitsulo zina za alloy zitakulungidwa, zolumikizira zawo zowotcherera zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba, omwe amawononga makina azinthuzo.Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe owumawa amatha kuwononga olowa pansi pakuchitapo kanthu kwa kupsinjika kowotcherera ndi hydrogen.Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mawonekedwe a metallographic a olowa amawongoleredwa, kulimba kwa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa olowa kumakongoletsedwa, ndipo zida zonse zamakina a olowa amawotchedwa.
Kodi kuwonongeka kwa arc ndi zowotcherera kwakanthawi zosungunuka kukhala zowotcherera kosatha ziyenera kuchotsedwa?
Muzinthu zodzaza ndi statically, zowonongeka za arcing siziyenera kuchotsedwa pokhapokha zikalata za mgwirizano zimafuna kuti zichotsedwe.Komabe, m'mapangidwe osinthika, ma arcing amatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwakukulu, komwe kungawononge kulimba kwa mawonekedwe osinthika, kotero kuti mawonekedwewo ayenera kukhala pansi ndipo ming'alu yomwe ili pamwamba pake iyenera kuyang'aniridwa.Kuti mumve zambiri pazokambiranazi, chonde onani Gawo 5.29 la AWS D1.1:2015.
Nthawi zambiri, zolumikizira kwakanthawi pa ma welds amatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala ma weld okhazikika.Nthawi zambiri, m'magawo odzaza, ndizovomerezeka kusunga ma welds omwe sangaphatikizidwe pokhapokha ngati zikalata za mgwirizano zimafuna kuti zichotsedwe.Pazinthu zodzaza ndi mphamvu, ma welds akanthawi amayenera kuchotsedwa.Kuti mudziwe zambiri pazokambiranazi, chonde onani Gawo 5.18 la AWS D1.1:2015.
[1] Zomangamanga zokhazikika zimadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono komanso kuyenda, komwe kumakhala kofala mnyumba
[2] Mapangidwe odzaza mwamphamvu amatanthawuza njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi / kapena kusuntha pa liwiro linalake, lomwe silingaganizidwe ngati static ndipo limafuna kulingalira za kutopa kwachitsulo, komwe kumakhala kofala m'mabwalo a mlatho ndi njanji za crane.
Kusamala yozizira kuwotcherera preheating
Nyengo yozizira yafika, ndipo imayikanso patsogolo zofunikira zowotcherera preheating.Kutentha kwa preheat nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa musanawotchedwe, ndipo kusunga kutentha pang'ono panthawi ya soldering nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa.M'nyengo yozizira, kuthamanga kwa kuzizira kwa mgwirizano wa weld kumathamanga.Ngati kuwongolera kutentha pang'ono pakuwotcherera sikunyalanyazidwa, kumabweretsa zoopsa zobisika pamtundu wowotcherera.
Kuzizira kozizira kwambiri ndi koopsa kwambiri pakati pa zolakwika zowotcherera m'nyengo yozizira.Zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwira ming'alu yozizira ndi: zinthu zolimba (zitsulo zoyambira), haidrojeni, ndi digiri ya kudziletsa.Kwa chitsulo chodziwika bwino, chifukwa cha kuuma kwa zinthuzo ndikuti kuzizira kumathamanga kwambiri, kotero kuwonjezera kutentha kwa preheating ndi kusunga kutentha kumeneku kumatha kuthetsa vutoli bwino.
Pomanga nthawi yozizira, kutentha kwa preheating ndi 20 ℃-50 ℃ kuposa kutentha wamba.Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa preheating wa malo kuwotcherera wa wandiweyani mbale ndi pang'ono apamwamba kuposa wa weld ofunda.Kwa kuwotcherera kwa electroslag, kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi ndi zina zowonjezera kutentha Njira zowotchera zapamwamba zitha kukhala zofanana ndi kutentha kwanthawi zonse.Kwa zigawo zazitali (zambiri zokulirapo kuposa 10m), sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutulutse zida zotenthetsera (chubu chotenthetsera kapena pepala lotenthetsera magetsi) panthawi yowotcherera kuti mupewe "mapeto amodzi ndi otentha ndipo mbali ina ndi yozizira".Pankhani ya ntchito zakunja, kuwotcherera kukamalizidwa, kuteteza kutentha ndi njira zoziziritsa pang'onopang'ono ziyenera kutengedwa kudera la weld.
Kuwotcherera machubu a preheat (kwa mamembala aatali)
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito otsika-hydrogen kuwotcherera consumables m'nyengo yozizira.Malinga ndi AWS, EN ndi miyezo ina, kutentha kwa preheating kwa zinthu zowotcherera za hydrogen kumatha kukhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimawotcherera wamba.Samalani ndi mapangidwe a ndondomeko yowotcherera.Njira yowotcherera yololera imatha kuchepetsa kuletsa kuwotcherera.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, monga injiniya wowotcherera, ndi udindo ndi udindo wowunikanso zolumikizira zowotcherera muzojambula zomwe zingayambitse kudziletsa kwakukulu, ndikugwirizanitsa ndi wopanga kuti asinthe mawonekedwe olowa.
Pambuyo pa soldering, ndi liti pamene mapepala a solder ndi mapepala apinout ayenera kuchotsedwa?
Pofuna kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa geometrical cholumikizira chowotcherera, pambuyo pomaliza kuwotcherera, mbale yotsogolera pamphepete mwa chigawocho ingafunikire kudulidwa.Ntchito ya mbale yotsogolera ndikuonetsetsa kukula kwabwino kwa weld kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa njira yowotcherera;koma ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi iyenera kutsatiridwa.Monga tafotokozera mu Ndime 5.10 ndi 5.30 ya AWS D1.1 2015. Pamene kuli koyenera kuchotsa kuwotcherera zida zothandizira monga zowotcherera zowotcherera kapena mbale kutsogolera kunja, chithandizo cha kuwotcherera pamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunika kukonzekera chisanadze kuwotcherera.
Chivomezi cha 1994 cha North Ridge chinayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa "chitsulo-gawo-gawo-chitsulo" cholumikizira cholumikizira, kukopa chidwi ndi kukambirana za kuwotcherera ndi zivomezi, komanso pamaziko omwe mikhalidwe yatsopano idakhazikitsidwa.Zomwe zili pa zivomezi mu kope la 2010 la muyezo wa AISC ndi Supplement No. .Pali kuchotserako, komabe, pomwe magwiridwe antchito osungidwa ndi gawo loyesedwa akadali ovomerezeka pogwira zina osati pamwambapa.
Kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino Wodulidwa - Zoganizira mu Programming and Process Control
Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani, m'pofunika kwambiri kusintha khalidwe kudula mbali.Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kudula, kuphatikizapo magawo odulira, mtundu ndi mtundu wa gasi wogwiritsidwa ntchito, luso laukadaulo la woyendetsa msonkhano, komanso kumvetsetsa zida zamakina odulira.
(1) Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kwa AutoCAD kujambula zithunzi za gawo ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mawonekedwe odula;Nesting typesetting antchito kusonkhanitsa CNC kudula mbali mapulogalamu mosamalitsa ndi zofunika za mbali zojambula, ndi miyeso wololera ayenera kumwedwa pamene mapulogalamu ena flange splicing ndi mbali zowonda : Kulipiritsa zofewa, ndondomeko yapadera (co-m'mphepete, kudula mosalekeza), etc., kuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa zigawo pambuyo kudula akudutsa anayendera.
(2) Mukadula zigawo zazikulu, chifukwa gawo lapakati (conical, cylindrical, web, cover) mu stack yozungulira ndi yayikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti opanga mapulogalamu azichita makonzedwe apadera pakupanga mapulogalamu, kulumikizidwa kwapang'ono (kuwonjezera ma breakpoints), ndiko , ikani malo osadulidwa osakhalitsa (5mm) kumbali yomweyo ya gawo lodulidwa.Mfundozi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo panthawi yodula, ndipo mbalizo zimagwiridwa kuti ziteteze kusamuka ndi kuchepa.Zigawo zina zikadulidwa, mfundozi zimadulidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kukula kwa magawo odulidwawo sikumapunduka mosavuta.
Kulimbikitsa ndondomeko kulamulira mbali kudula ndi chinsinsi kuwongolera khalidwe kudula mbali.Pambuyo kuchuluka kwa kusanthula deta, zinthu zimene zimakhudza kudula khalidwe ndi motere: woyendetsa, kusankha kudula nozzles, kusintha mtunda pakati kudula nozzles ndi workpieces, ndi kusintha liwiro kudula , ndi perpendicularity pakati pa pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo ndi nozzle yodula.
(1) Pamene ntchito CNC kudula makina kudula mbali, woyendetsa ayenera kudula mbali molingana blanking kudula ndondomeko, ndi woyendetsa akufunika kudzifufuza kuzindikira ndi kutha kusiyanitsa pakati oyenerera ndi osayenera mbali woyamba. mbali kudula yekha, ngati wosayenerera Zolondola ndi kukonza mu nthawi;kenako perekani ku kuyendera kwaubwino, ndi kusaina tikiti yoyamba yoyenerera mutadutsa kuyendera;pokhapo pamene misa kupanga mbali kudula.
(2) Chitsanzo cha mphuno yodulira ndi mtunda pakati pa mphuno yodula ndi chogwirira ntchito zonse zimasankhidwa moyenerera malinga ndi makulidwe a magawo odulidwa.Kukula kwa mtundu wa nozzle wodula, kukhuthala kwa mbale yachitsulo kumadulidwa;ndipo mtunda pakati pa mphuno yodula ndi mbale yachitsulo idzakhudzidwa ngati ili kutali kwambiri kapena pafupi kwambiri: kutali kwambiri kudzachititsa kuti malo otentha akhale aakulu kwambiri, komanso kuonjezera kutentha kwa zigawozo;Ngati ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, mphuno yodulira idzatsekedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kutaya kwa kuvala mbali;ndipo liwiro lodulira lidzachepetsedwanso, komanso kupanga bwino kudzachepetsedwa.
(3) Kusintha kwa liwiro la kudula kumagwirizana ndi makulidwe a workpiece ndi nozzle yosankhidwa yodula.Kawirikawiri, imachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe.Ngati liwiro lodulira liri lofulumira kapena pang'onopang'ono, lidzakhudza ubwino wa doko lodula la gawolo;Kuthamanga koyenera kumatulutsa phokoso lokhazikika pamene slag imayenda, ndi kutuluka kwa slag ndi mphuno yodulira imakhala pamzere;liwiro loyenera kudula Idzathandizanso kupanga kudula bwino, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1.
(4) The perpendicularity pakati pa nozzle kudula ndi pamwamba pa zitsulo mbale ya nsanja kudula, ngati kudula nozzle ndi pamwamba pa mbale zitsulo si perpendicular, zidzachititsa kuti gawo chigawo kukhala wokhotakhota, zomwe zingakhudze osagwirizana. kukula kwa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi za gawolo, ndipo kulondola sikungatsimikizidwe.Ngozi;woyendetsa ayenera kuyang'ana permeability wa kudula nozzle mu nthawi pamaso kudula.Ngati atatsekedwa, mpweya wotuluka umakhala wokhotakhota, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lodula ndi pamwamba pa zitsulo zodula zikhale zopanda perpendicular, ndipo kukula kwa magawo odulidwa kudzakhala kolakwika.Monga woyendetsa, tochi yodulira ndi mphuno yodulira iyenera kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa musanadulidwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti tochi yodulira ndi mphuno yodulira ndizokhazikika pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo ya nsanja yodulira.
Makina odulira a CNC ndi pulogalamu ya digito yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka chida cha makina.Chida cha makina chikasuntha, chida chodulira chopangidwa mwachisawawa chimadula magawo;kotero njira yopangira magawo pa mbale yachitsulo imasewera chinthu chotsimikizika pakuwongolera kwa magawo odulidwa.
(1) Kuwongolera njira yodulira zisa kumatengera chithunzi chokongoletsedwa cha zisa, chomwe chimasinthidwa kuchoka ku zisa kupita kumalo odulira.Mwa kukhazikitsa magawo a ndondomekoyi, mayendedwe a contour, poyambira mkati ndi kunja, ndi mizere yotsogolera ndi yotsogolera imasinthidwa.Kuti mukwaniritse njira yayifupi kwambiri yopanda pake, chepetsani kusinthika kwamafuta panthawi yodula, ndikuwongolera mtundu wodulira.
(2) The ndondomeko optimizing nesting zimachokera pa ndondomeko ya gawo pa masanjidwe zojambula, ndi kupanga kudula trajectory kukwaniritsa zofunika zenizeni kudzera "ofotokoza" ntchito, monga odana deformation yaying'ono olowa kudula, Mipikisano. -gawo kudula mosalekeza, kudula mlatho, etc., Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa, kudula bwino ndi khalidwe likhoza kusinthidwa bwino.
(3) Kusankha koyenera kwa magawo a ndondomeko ndikofunikira kwambiri.Sankhani magawo osiyanasiyana odulidwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbale: monga kusankha mizere yotsogolera, kusankha mizere yotsogolera, mtunda pakati pa magawo, mtunda wapakati pamphepete mwa mbale ndi kukula kwa kutsegulira kosungidwa.Table 2 ndi Kudula magawo pa makulidwe a mbale iliyonse.
Ntchito yofunikira ya kuwotcherera kutchingira gasi
Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, pongosintha mawonekedwe amafuta oteteza, zinthu 5 zotsatirazi zitha kupangidwa panjira yowotcherera:
(1) Sinthani kuchuluka kwa waya wowotcherera
Kusakaniza kwa gasi wopangidwa ndi argon nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri zopanga kuposa mpweya wabwino wamba.Zomwe zili mu Argon ziyenera kupitilira 85% kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwa jet.Zachidziwikire, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa waya wowotcherera kumafuna kusankha magawo oyenera owotcherera.The kuwotcherera zotsatira zambiri chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa magawo angapo.Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa magawo owotcherera nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kuwotcherera bwino ndikuwonjezera ntchito yochotsa slag pambuyo kuwotcherera.
(2) Yang'anirani spatter ndi kuchepetsa kuyeretsa slag pambuyo kuwotcherera
Kuthekera kotsika kwa ionization kwa argon kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa arc ndikuchepetsa kofananira kwa spatter.Ukadaulo watsopano waposachedwa mu magwero amagetsi akuwotcherera wawongolera sipotera mu kuwotcherera kwa CO2, ndipo pamikhalidwe yomweyi, ngati kusakaniza kwa gasi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, sipotera zitha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo zenera la kuwotcherera lingakulitsidwe.
(3) Kuwongolera mapangidwe a weld ndi kuchepetsa kuwotcherera kwambiri
Ma welds a CO2 amakonda kutulukira kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwotcherera komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zowotcherera.Kusakaniza kwa gasi wa argon ndikosavuta kuwongolera mapangidwe a weld ndikupewa kuwononga waya wowotcherera.
(4) Wonjezerani liwiro kuwotcherera
Pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa gasi wolemera argon, sipiter imakhalabe yoyendetsedwa bwino ngakhale ndi kuwotcherera kwamakono.Ubwino womwe umabweretsa ndikuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la kuwotcherera, makamaka kuwotcherera basi, komwe kumathandizira kwambiri kupanga bwino.
(5) Control kuwotcherera utsi
Pansi pa ntchito zowotcherera zomwezo, kusakaniza kolemera kwa argon kumachepetsa kwambiri utsi wowotcherera poyerekeza ndi mpweya woipa.Poyerekeza ndi kuyika ndalama pazida za hardware kuti apititse patsogolo malo opangira kuwotcherera, kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa gasi wolemera wa argon ndi mwayi wothandizira kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumayambira.
Pakalipano, m'mafakitale ambiri, kusakaniza kwa gasi wa argon kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha ng'ombe, mabizinesi ambiri apakhomo amagwiritsa ntchito 80% Ar + 20% CO2.Nthawi zambiri, gasi wotchinga uyu sagwira ntchito bwino.Chifukwa chake, kusankha gasi wabwino kwambiri ndiyo njira yosavuta yosinthira kasamalidwe kazinthu zamabizinesi owotcherera panjira yopita patsogolo.Mulingo wofunikira kwambiri pakusankha mpweya wabwino wotchingira ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni zowotcherera kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenda bwino kwa gasi ndiye maziko owonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera, kutulutsa kwakukulu kapena kochepa kwambiri sikuthandiza kuwotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2022