Weld nkhawa ndi deformation control

1. Njira zowongolera zowotcherera

(1) Chitani kusanthula koyenera ndikuwerengera kapangidwe kake, dziwani momwe kuwotcherera ndikusungirako, komanso pazigawo zovuta za node, shrinkage yosungirako kuwotcherera imatha kuzindikirika poyesa.

(2) Kuwongolera chilolezo cha msonkhano

Yang'anirani mosamalitsa kulondola kwa bevel processing ndi chilolezo cha msonkhano, ndikusankha mawonekedwe oyenera a poyambira ndi ndondomeko yowotcherera kuti muchepetse kuwotcherera.

(3) Gwiritsani ntchito chimango cha tayala choletsa kuwonongeka

Sonkhanitsani ndi mafelemu opangira matayala ofunikira ndi kuwotcherera, zida zopangira zida, zothandizira ndi m'mphepete mwa shrinkage.

(4) Pangani gulu lonse kukhala zidutswa

Kwa zigawo zovuta, momwe zingathere mu midadada, msonkhano wonse wowotcherera njira yopangira.

kuwotcherera kwa block-to-piece:

(5) kuwotcherera kofanana ndi yunifolomu

Ø Pamene kuwotcherera kwa mbale yakuya ndikuwotcherera, kuchuluka kwa zotembenuka kumachulukitsidwa molingana ndi mapindikidwe, ndipo kuwotcherera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananira, ndikuwongolera lawi munjirayo kumagwirizananso.

Ø Pamene kuwotcherera kugawidwa kwa chigawochi ndi wachibale ndi geometrically ndale axisymmetric kugawa chigawo chimodzi, kuwotcherera wa chigawo utenga symmetrical yunifolomu kuwotcherera kuthetsa mapindikidwe wonse wa chigawocho pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya symmetry.

Ø The welds awiri anakonza molingana ndi ndege ndale olamulira symmetry ndi symmetrical kwa wina ndi mzake mbali yomweyo, mfundo yomweyo, ndi kuwotcherera ikuchitika pa nthawi yomweyo, pa nthawi ino, shrinkage kapena mapindikidwe a welds awiri symmetrical. motsatira njira yoyima ya ndege yomwe salowerera ndale idzakhala bwino ndikuletsana.

Ø Kuti muzitha kuwongolera msoko wowotcherera pa ndege ina yofananira, chowotcherera chowotcherera pa ndege zonse ziwiri chimakhala chowotcherera, njira yowotcherera ndi yofanana, mafotokozedwe ake ndi ofanana, kotero kuti ma welds onse ayenera kukhala ofananira ndi mbali yosalowerera ndale. chigawo chimodzi, kotero kuti mapindikidwe wonse wa chigawocho ndi bwino wina ndi mzake ndi kuchepetsedwa.

(6) Khazikitsani kuwotcherera reverse mapindikidwe malinga ndi makhalidwe a olowa

Pakuti T-mtundu welded olowa ndi elongation lalikulu la mapiko mbale, ndi shrinkage wa kuwotcherera pambuyo kuwotcherera kumapangitsa kugwa kugwa kwa outrigger mbali ya mapiko mbale, ndi preset kuwotcherera reverse mapindikidwe pamaso kupanga ndi ogwira kuwotcherera njira kuwongolera kuwotcherera deformation.

A. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ma deformation kapena ngodya ya gawo lotalikirapo la mapiko a mapiko malinga ndi kukula kwa weld (kudzaza kuchuluka), kuchuluka kwa mbale ya mapiko, ndi makulidwe a mbale yamapiko;

B. Sonkhanitsani kuwotcherera pambuyo kuwotcherera mmbuyo mapindikidwe a preset mapiko mbale malinga ndi masamu akuyerekeza mtengo mapindikidwe;

C. Kwa makulidwe okulirapo a mapiko a mapiko, kupanga nkhungu yapadera yosindikizira pa makina osindikizira amphamvu kwambiri kumapondereza anti-deformation;Pambuyo pomaliza kusonkhana kwazitsulo zoyambira, njira yowotchera moto imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekeretsa anti-deformation ya mapiko.

(7) Dongosolo lololera kuwotcherera

Kwa ma welds otalikirapo, pansi pa zomwe zimaloledwa ndi kapangidwe kake, kuwotcherera kosalekeza kuyenera kusinthidwa kukhala wowotcherera wapakatikati kuti achepetse kuwonongeka;monga momwe kuwotcherera kosalekeza sikuloledwa, njira yowotcherera yololera iyenera kusankhidwa kuti muchepetse kapena kuletsana wina ndi mnzake pakuwotcherera.Njira yowotchera ya Stepwise, njira yowotchera pang'onopang'ono, kudumpha kuwotcherera, njira yosinthira kuwotcherera, ndi njira yolumikizira pang'ono symmetrical imatha kukhazikitsidwa.

2. Kuwotcherera kuwongolera kupsinjika ndi njira zochotsera

(1) Kuwongolera kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera

(1) Njira zopangira

Ø Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa ma welds ndi kukula kwake pamapangidwewo.

Ø Symmetrical ma welds kuti asachulukitse ma welds.

Ø Pangani mawonekedwe a olowa osakhazikika pang'ono.

(2) Njira zoyezera

a.Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa weld kudzaza kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira kwa kuwotcherera

Ø Pangani moyenerera powotcherera polumikizira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera;

Ø Yang'anirani kulondola kwa kukonza ndi kusiyana kwa poyambira, ndipo pewani kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera;

Ø Yang'anirani mbale yokhuthala T yolumikizira msoko kuti mulimbikitse ngodya yowotcherera, pewani kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera.

b.Pezani njira yowotcherera yololera kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira pakuwotcherera

Ø Pamene kuwotcherera pa gawo lomwelo, kuwotcherera kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kufalikira kwa kutentha ndi kugawa kofanana momwe kungathekere;

Ø Pamene zigawozo zimawotchedwa, kuchokera kumalo okhazikika a zigawozo kwa wina ndi mzake, kupita kumalo omwe ali ndi ufulu wochuluka woyenda pakati pa wina ndi mzake;

Ø Khazikitsani malire a shrinkage pasadakhale, cholumikizira chokhala ndi shrinkage chodziwikiratu chidzawotchedwa poyamba, ndipo cholumikizira chokhala ndi shrinkage chaching'ono chidzawotchedwa pambuyo pake, ndipo kuwotcherera kuyenera kuwotcherera pansi pazovuta zazing'ono.

c.Kuonetsetsa kutentha preheating, pazipita ndi osachepera interlayer kutentha mu kuwotcherera ayenera bwino ankalamulira, kuchepetsa zomangira digiri welded olowa, kuchepetsa kuwotcherera kutentha anakhudzidwa zone osiyanasiyana, ndi kuchepetsa kuwotcherera otsala nkhawa ya wandiweyani mbale welded olowa;

d.Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowotcherera zololera, monga kusungunuka kwakukulu kosungunuka, kusungunuka kwakukulu, ndi njira zowotcherera za CO2, zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa njira zowotcherera ndikuchepetsa kuwotcherera ndi kupsinjika kotsalira;

e.ntchito compensatory Kutentha njira kuchepetsa nkhawa kuwotcherera: mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera, kutentha mbali ina ya kuwotcherera mutu, Kutentha m'lifupi si zosakwana 200mm, kotero kuti ndi kuwotcherera m'dera nthawi yomweyo kukula ndi mgwirizano pa nthawi yomweyo, pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga kuchepetsa kuwotcherera nkhawa.

f.Njira yopangira nyundo yochepetsera kupsinjika kotsalira kwa kuwotcherera: mutatha kuwotcherera, nyundo yamanja yokhala ndi nkhope yaying'ono yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito nyundo pafupi ndi msoko wa weld, kotero kuti chitsulo cha weld ndi pafupi ndi msoko ukhoza kukulitsidwa ndi opunduka, amene ntchito kubweza kapena kuthetsa psinjika pulasitiki mapindikidwe kwaiye pa kuwotcherera, kotero kuti kuwotcherera yotsalira nkhawa yafupika.