Kuwotcherera kumatanthauza kugwirizanitsa kapena kusakaniza zidutswa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi/kapena kukanikiza kotero kuti zidutswazo zikhale zopitirira.Gwero la kutentha mu kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri kumakhala lawi la arc lomwe limapangidwa ndi magetsi opangira magetsi.Kuwotcherera kwa Arc kumatchedwa kuwotcherera kwa arc.
Kusakanikirana kwa zidutswazo kungathe kuchitika pokhapokha potengera kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi arc kuti zidutswa zowotcherera zisungunuke pamodzi.Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kuwotcherera kwa TIG, mwachitsanzo.
Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chodzaza, komabe, chimasungunuka mumsoko wowotcherera, kapena kuwotcherera, pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira waya kudzera mumfuti yowotcherera (MIG/MAG welding) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chowotcherera chamanja chamagetsi.Munthawi imeneyi, chitsulo chodzaza chimayenera kukhala ndi malo osungunuka omwewo ngati zinthu zowotcherera.
Asanayambe kuwotcherera, m'mphepete mwa zidutswa zowotcherera amapangidwa kukhala malo oyenera kuwotcherera, mwachitsanzo, V groove.Pamene kuwotcherera kukupita patsogolo, arc imagwirizanitsa m'mphepete mwa poyambira ndi chodzaza, kupanga dziwe losungunuka.
Kuti weld ikhale yolimba, dziwe losungunuka la weld liyenera kutetezedwa ku oxygenation ndi zotsatira za mpweya wozungulira, mwachitsanzo ndi mpweya wotchinga kapena slag.Mpweya wotchinga umalowetsedwa mu dziwe losungunuka ndi tochi yowotcherera.Elekitirodi yowotcherera imakutidwanso ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga mpweya wotchinga ndi slag pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka.
Zida zomwe zimawotcherera kwambiri ndi zitsulo, monga aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Komanso, mapulasitiki amatha kuwotcherera.Powotcherera pulasitiki, gwero la kutentha ndi mpweya wotentha kapena chopinga chamagetsi.
Mbiri yakale ya WELDING ARC
Chowotcherera chomwe chimafunikira pakuwotcherera ndikuphulika kwamagetsi pakati pa chowotcherera cha elekitirodi ndi chidutswa cha weld.The arc imapangidwa pamene mphamvu yokwanira yokwanira yamagetsi imapangidwa pakati pa zidutswazo.Mu kuwotcherera kwa TIG izi zitha kuchitika mwa kuyatsa choyambitsa kapena zinthu zowotcherera zikakanthidwa ndi chowotcherera cha elekitirodi (kuyaka moto).
Choncho, magetsi amatulutsidwa ngati mphezi yomwe imalola kuti magetsi azidutsa mumpata wa mpweya, zomwe zimapanga arc ndi kutentha kwa madigiri centigrade zikwi zingapo, pamlingo waukulu kwambiri mpaka 10,000 ⁰Cdegrees (18,000 degrees Fahrenheit).Mphamvu yosalekeza yochokera ku mphamvu yowotcherera kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito imakhazikitsidwa kudzera pamagetsi opangira kuwotcherera, motero chogwiriracho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi chingwe chokhazikika mu makina owotcherera asanayambe kuwotcherera.
Mu kuwotcherera kwa MIG/MAG arc imakhazikitsidwa pomwe zinthu zodzaza zimagwira pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito ndipo chozungulira chachifupi chimapangidwa.Kenako njira yachidule yogwira ntchito bwino imasungunula malekezero a waya wodzaza ndipo arc yowotcherera imakhazikitsidwa.Kuti weld yosalala komanso yokhazikika, arc yowotcherera iyenera kukhala yokhazikika.Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira pakuwotcherera kwa MIG/MAG kuti voteji yowotcherera ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chawaya choyenera kuzinthu zowotcherera ndi makulidwe ake.
Kuonjezera apo, njira yogwirira ntchito ya welder imakhudza kusalala kwa arc ndipo, kenako, ubwino wa weld.Mtunda wa ma elekitirodi wowotcherera kuchokera ku poyambira ndi liwiro lokhazikika la tochi yowotcherera ndikofunikira kuti kuwotcherera bwino.Kuyang'ana mphamvu yolondola yamagetsi ndi liwiro la waya ndi gawo lofunikira la luso la wowotchera.
Makina owotcherera amakono, komabe, ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yowotcherera ikhale yosavuta, monga kupulumutsa zoikamo zowotcherera zomwe zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zokhotakhota zokhazikitsidwa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukhazikitsa magawo azowotcherera pa ntchito yomwe yachitika.
KUTETEZA GESI MU WOLDING
Mpweya wotchinga nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwotcherera komanso kupanga bwino.Monga momwe dzina lake likusonyezera, mpweya wotchinga umateteza kutenthedwa kwachitsulo chosungunuka kuchokera ku oxygenation komanso zonyansa ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga, zomwe zingafooketse kulekerera kwa kutentha kwa weld, kupanga zotsatira za porous, ndi kufooketsa kulimba kwa weld mwa kusintha mawonekedwe. mawonekedwe a geometric a mgwirizano.Gasi wotchinga amaziziritsanso mfuti yowotcherera.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza mpweya ndi argon, helium, carbon dioxide, ndi mpweya.
Mpweya wotchinga ukhoza kukhala wopanda kapena wogwira ntchito.Mpweya wa inert sumachita ndi weld wosungunuka konse pomwe mpweya wokhazikika umagwira nawo ntchito yowotcherera pokhazikika pa arc ndikuteteza kusamutsa kwazinthu ku weld.Mpweya wa inert umagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera MIG (chitsulo-arc inert gas welding) pomwe mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito umagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera MAG (zitsulo zachitsulo-arc active gas welding).
Chitsanzo cha mpweya wa inert ndi argon, womwe sumachita ndi weld wosungunuka.Ndiwowotcherera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza TIG.Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi okosijeni, komabe, umachita ndi weld wosungunuka monga momwe amachitira osakaniza a carbon dioxide ndi argon.
Helium (He) ndi mpweya woteteza inert.Zosakaniza za Helium ndi helium-argon zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera TIG ndi MIG.Helium imapereka mwayi wolowera mbali bwino komanso liwiro lalikulu lowotcherera poyerekeza ndi argon.
Mpweya wa carbon dioxide (CO2) ndi mpweya (O2) ndi mpweya wogwira ntchito womwe umatchedwa chigawo cha oxygenation kuti ukhazikitse arc ndikuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwa zinthu mu MAG welding.Kuchuluka kwa zigawo za gasi mu mpweya woteteza kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wachitsulo.
ZOCHITIKA NDI ZOCHITIKA PA WEDING
Miyezo ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi imagwira ntchito pazowotcherera komanso mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a makina owotcherera ndi zinthu.Amakhala ndi matanthauzo, malangizo, ndi zoletsa zamachitidwe ndi makina amakina kuti awonjezere chitetezo cha njira ndi makina ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wamba wamakina owotcherera a arc ndi IEC 60974-1 pomwe mfundo zaukadaulo zoperekera ndi mafomu azogulitsa, miyeso, kulolerana, ndi zolemba zili mu muyezo wa SFS-EN 759.
CHITETEZO MU WOLDING
Pali zinthu zingapo zoopsa zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera.Arc imatulutsa kuwala kowala kwambiri komanso cheza cha ultraviolet, chomwe chingawononge maso.Zitsulo zosungunula ndi ntchentche zimatha kutentha khungu ndikuyambitsa ngozi yamoto, ndipo utsi wotuluka muzowotcherera ukhoza kukhala wowopsa ukakoka mpweya.
Ngozi zimenezi zingapewedwe, komabe, mwa kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera zoyenera.
Kutetezedwa ku ngozi zamoto kutha kutheka poyang'ana chilengedwe cha malo owotcherera pasadakhale ndikuchotsa zinthu zoyaka moto pafupi ndi malowo.Komanso, zinthu zozimitsa moto ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta.Akunja sayenera kuloledwa kulowa m'dera langozi.
Maso, makutu, ndi khungu ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi zida zoyenera zodzitetezera.Chigoba chowotcherera chokhala ndi sikirini yocheperako chimateteza maso, tsitsi, ndi makutu.Zovala zowotcherera zikopa ndi chovala cholimba chosapsa chimateteza mikono ndi thupi kuti lisapse ndi kutentha.
Utsi wowotcherera ungapewedwe ndi mpweya wokwanira pamalo ogwirira ntchito.
NJIRA ZOKWELA
Njira zowotcherera zitha kugawidwa ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira kutentha kowotcherera komanso momwe zinthu zodzaza zimadyetsedwa mu weld.Njira yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imasankhidwa potengera zida zomwe zimayenera kuwotcherera komanso makulidwe azinthu, kuthekera kopanga kofunikira, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a weld.
Njira zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kuwotcherera kwa MIG/MAG, kuwotcherera kwa TIG, ndi kuwotcherera ndodo (manual metal arc).Njira yakale kwambiri, yodziwika kwambiri, komanso yodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi MMA manual metal arc welding, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo akunja omwe amafuna kuti anthu athe kufikako.
Njira yowotcherera pang'onopang'ono ya TIG imalola kutulutsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowotcherera, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzowotcherera zomwe zitha kuwoneka kapena zomwe zimafuna kulondola kwenikweni.
kuwotcherera kwa MIG/MAG ndi njira yosunthika yowotcherera, momwe zinthu zodzazira siziyenera kudyetsedwa padera mu weld wosungunuka.M'malo mwake, waya amadutsa mumfuti yowotcherera yozunguliridwa ndi mpweya wotchinga molunjika mu weld yosungunuka.
Palinso njira zina zowotcherera zomwe zili zoyenera pa zosowa zapadera, monga laser, plasma, spot, arc yozama, ultrasound, ndi kuwotcherera kwa mikangano.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-12-2022