Kuwotcherera ndi njira yomwe mitundu iwiri kapena yambiri ya zinthu zomwezo kapena zosiyana zimalumikizidwa palimodzi ndikulumikizana ndi kufalikira pakati pa ma atomu kapena mamolekyu.
Njira yolimbikitsira kulumikizana ndi kufalikira pakati pa ma atomu ndi mamolekyu ndikutenthetsa kapena kukanikiza, kapena kutentha ndi kukanikiza nthawi yomweyo.
Gulu la kuwotcherera
Metal kuwotcherera akhoza kugawidwa mu kuwotcherera maphatikizidwe, kuthamanga kuwotcherera ndi brazing malinga ndi makhalidwe ake ndondomeko
Mu ndondomeko maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera, ngati mlengalenga kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mkulu-kutentha sungunuka dziwe, mpweya mu mlengalenga adzakhala oxidize zitsulo ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana aloyi.Nayitrogeni ndi nthunzi wamadzi m'mlengalenga adzalowa mu dziwe losungunuka, ndipo zolakwika monga pores, slag inclusions ndi ming'alu zidzapangidwa mu weld panthawi yozizira, zomwe zidzasokoneza ubwino ndi ntchito ya weld.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuwotcherera, njira zosiyanasiyana zotetezera zapangidwa.Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wotetezedwa arc kuwotcherera ndi kudzipatula mlengalenga ndi argon, mpweya woipa ndi mpweya wina kuteteza arc ndi dziwe mlingo pa kuwotcherera;Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuwotcherera zitsulo, kuwonjezera ferrotitanium ufa ndi mkulu mpweya kuyanjana kwa elekitirodi ❖ kuyanika kwa deoxidation angateteze zinthu zopindulitsa monga manganese ndi silicon mu elekitirodi kuchokera makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kulowa dziwe losungunuka, ndi kupeza welds apamwamba pambuyo kuzirala.
Bench mtundu ozizira kuwotcherera makina
Chodziwika bwino cha njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera ndi kukakamiza pakuwotcherera popanda kudzaza zida.Njira zambiri zowotcherera zokakamiza, monga kuwotcherera kwa ma diffusion, kuwotcherera kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwotcherera kuzizira, zilibe njira yosungunuka, kotero palibe zovuta ngati kuwotcherera kusungunuka, monga kuwotcha zinthu zopindulitsa za alloy ndi kuwukira kwa zinthu zovulaza mu weld, zomwe imathandizira kuwotcherera ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi thanzi la kuwotcherera.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi kutsekemera kwa fusion ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yochepa, malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi ochepa.Zida zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kophatikizana nthawi zambiri zimatha kukakamizidwa kulowa m'magulu apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi chitsulo choyambira.
Mgwirizano womwe umapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera ndikulumikiza matupi awiri olumikizidwa umatchedwa weld.Panthawi yowotcherera, mbali zonse ziwiri za weld zidzakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa kuwotcherera, ndipo mapangidwe ndi katundu zidzasintha.Derali limatchedwa zone yokhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Pa kuwotcherera, workpiece zakuthupi, kuwotcherera zinthu ndi kuwotcherera panopa ndi osiyana.Kuti awononge weldability, m`pofunika kusintha kuwotcherera zinthu.Preheating, kuteteza kutentha pa kuwotcherera ndi positi kuwotcherera kutentha mankhwala pa mawonekedwe a weldment pamaso kuwotcherera akhoza kusintha kuwotcherera khalidwe la kuwotcherera.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera ndi njira yotenthetsera mwachangu komanso yozizira.Malo owotcherera sangathe kukulirakulira ndi mgwirizano mwaufulu chifukwa chazovuta za thupi lozungulira la workpiece.Pambuyo kuzirala, kuwotcherera kupsinjika ndi kusinthika kumachitika mu weldment.Zogulitsa zofunika zimafunikira kuthetsa kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera ndikuwongolera kusinthika kowotcherera pambuyo kuwotcherera.
Ukadaulo wamakono wowotcherera watha kupanga ma welds opanda zolakwika zamkati ndi zakunja ndi zida zamakina zofanana kapena zapamwamba kuposa za thupi lolumikizidwa.Malo ogwirizana a thupi la welded mu danga amatchedwa welded olowa.Kulimba kwa mgwirizano sikumangokhudzidwa ndi ubwino wa weld, komanso kukhudzana ndi geometry yake, kukula kwake, kupanikizika ndi ntchito.Mitundu yoyambira yamalumikizidwe imaphatikizira kulumikizana kwa matako, kuphatikizika kwa lap, T-joint (yolumikizana bwino) ndi kulumikizana pamakona.
Mawonekedwe amtundu wa wowotcherera wa butt olowa amatengera makulidwe a thupi loyengedwa musanawotchererane ndi mawonekedwe a nsonga ziwiri zolumikizirana.Mukawotcherera mbale zachitsulo zokulirapo, mizere yamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyenera kudulidwa m'mphepete kuti mulowe, kuti ndodo zowotcherera kapena mawaya athe kudyetsedwa mosavuta.Posankha mawonekedwe a groove, kuwonjezera pakuwonetsetsa kulowa kwathunthu, zinthu monga kuwotcherera kosavuta, chitsulo chocheperako, chowotcherera chaching'ono komanso mtengo wochepa wopangira ma groove ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Pamene mbale ziwiri zazitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana zimadulidwa, pofuna kupewa kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa magawo a mtanda, m'mphepete mwa mbaleyo nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti akwaniritse makulidwe ofanana m'mbali ziwiri.Kulimba kwa static ndi kutopa kwa mafupa am'matako ndi apamwamba kuposa a ziwalo zina.Kuwotcherera kwa matako nthawi zambiri kumakonda kulumikizidwa pansi pa katundu wosinthasintha komanso wokhudzidwa kapena m'zombo zotsika kutentha komanso zopanikizika kwambiri.
Cholowa cha lap ndi chosavuta kukonzekera musanawotcherera, chosavuta kusonkhanitsa, komanso chocheperako pakuwotcherera komanso kupsinjika kotsalira.Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo opangira malo komanso zosafunika.Nthawi zambiri, zolumikizira m'miyendo sizoyenera kugwira ntchito mosinthana katundu, sing'anga zowononga, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha pang'ono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma T-joints ndi ma angle olowa nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zosowa zamapangidwe.Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a ma weld osakwanira a fillet pa T-joints ndi ofanana ndi a lap joints.Pamene kuwotcherera ndi perpendicular kwa malangizo a kunja mphamvu, amakhala kutsogolo fillet kuwotcherera, ndi pamwamba mawonekedwe a kuwotcherera kumayambitsa nkhawa ndende mu madigiri osiyanasiyana;Kupsinjika kwa fillet weld ndikulowa kwathunthu kumafanana ndi kulumikizana kwa matako.
Mphamvu yonyamula yolumikizira ngodya ndiyotsika, ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha.Itha kusinthidwa pokhapokha ngati pali kulowa kwathunthu kapena ngati pali zowotcherera za fillet mkati ndi kunja.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pangodya ya dongosolo lotsekedwa.
Zopangidwa ndi welded ndizopepuka kuposa zida zopindika, zopangira ndi zopangira, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kufa ndikusunga mphamvu zamagalimoto oyendera.Kuwotcherera kuli ndi malo abwino osindikizira ndipo ndikoyenera kupanga zotengera zosiyanasiyana.Kukula kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wophatikizira, womwe umaphatikiza kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera ndi kuponyera, kumatha kupanga zazikulu, zotsika mtengo komanso zololera zoponyera ndi zowotcherera ndi zida zopangira ndi kuwotcherera, zopindulitsa kwambiri zachuma.Njira yowotcherera imatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida, ndipo mawonekedwe awotcherera amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zili ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuti apereke kusewera kwathunthu kwaubwino wazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikukwaniritsa chuma komanso apamwamba.Kuwotcherera kwakhala njira yofunikira komanso yofunika kwambiri pakukonza makampani amakono.
Mu processing zitsulo zamakono, kuwotcherera anayamba mochedwa kuposa kuponyera ndi forging, koma anakula mofulumira.Kulemera kwa nyumba zowotcherera kumapanga pafupifupi 45% ya zitsulo zotulutsa, ndipo gawo la zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa zikuchulukirachulukira.
Pakuti kuwotcherera ndondomeko m'tsogolo, pa dzanja limodzi, njira kuwotcherera latsopano, kuwotcherera zipangizo ndi kuwotcherera zipangizo ayenera kukhala patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi chitetezo ndi kudalirika, monga kuwongolera alipo magwero kuwotcherera mphamvu monga arc, plasma arc, elekitironi kuwala ndi laser;Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera, sinthani magwiridwe antchito a arc, ndikupanga njira yodalirika komanso yopepuka yotsata arc.
Komano, tiyenera kusintha mlingo wa kuwotcherera makina ndi automation, monga kukwaniritsidwa kwa dongosolo ulamuliro ndi digito kulamulira makina kuwotcherera;Kupanga makina owotcherera apadera omwe amawotchera njira yonse kuchokera pakukonzekera, kuwotcherera mpaka kuwunika bwino;Mumzere wopanga kuwotcherera wodziwikiratu, kukwezeleza ndi kukulitsa maloboti owotcherera manambala ndi maloboti owotcherera kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa zowotcherera ndikuwongolera thanzi ndi chitetezo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2022